This Chapter on ‘Agriculture in India‘ is a part of the Geography Course for UPSC Pre-Independence Agriculture in India Land Systems Zamindari: Fixed, high taxes, exploitative. Ryotwari: Direct tax to government, still burdensome. Mahalwari: Community-based, less exploitative but led to debt. Practices Subsistence farming: Low tech, self-sufficient. Cash crops: Indigo, tea, opium; led to soil degradation. British … Read more
This Chapter on ‘Fundamental Rights‘ is a part of the Indian Polity Course for UPSC Articles 12 to 35 in Part III of Indian Consitution provide for Fundamental Rights Fundamental Rights (FRs) Currently, there are six fundamental rights in the form of Articles 14 to 32(Other Articles 12,13; 33,34,35 are about features & restrictions of FRs): Note: … Read more
This Chapter on ‘Natural Vegetation‘ is a part of the Geography Course for UPSC Types of Forests (in India) Tropical Evergreen Forests Semi-Evergreen Forests Tropical Deciduous Forests Moist Deciduous Dry Deciduous Tropical Thorn Forests Mountain Forests Northern Mountain Forests Southern Mountain Forests Littoral and Swamp Forests Mangrove Forests Forest Cover Statistics Forest & Natural Vegetation Conservation Government … Read more
This Chapter on ‘Citizenship (of India)‘ is a part of our Indian Polity Course for UPSC Citizenship Citizens and Aliens Constitutional Provisions Articles 5 to 11 Categories at Commencement Following 4 categories of persons became citizens of India at the commencement of its Constitution on January 26, 1950 Domiciled in India Migration from Pakistan Migration to Pakistan … Read more
This Chapter on ‘Union and its Territory‘ is a part of the Indian Polity Course for UPSC Articles on Union and Its Territory Articles 1 to 4 under Part-I of the Indian Constitution deal with Union and its territory– Article 1: Defines India & Classifies Indian Territory– Article 2: Admit/ Establish New states– Article 3: Re-adjustment of … Read more
Election Commision of India (ECI)’s Structure, Roles, Mindmap for UPSC
This Chapter on ‘Historical Background‘ is a part of the Indian Polity Course for UPSC The Company Rule (1773-1858) The Crown Rule (1858-1947)