Climate Zones of India

Climatic Zones of India

Climatic Zones of India

Exploring the diverse climate patterns across the Indian subcontinent

Tropical Wet Climate

Characterized by heavy rainfall throughout the year with high humidity and consistently warm temperatures. This climate supports lush tropical rainforests and diverse ecosystems.

Annual Rainfall
2000+ mm
Temperature Range
24-28°C
Major Regions
Western Ghats, Northeast India (Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura), Andaman & Nicobar Islands, coastal Karnataka and Kerala

Tropical Dry Climate

Features distinct wet and dry seasons with moderate to low rainfall. Temperatures remain high throughout the year with significant seasonal variation in precipitation.

Annual Rainfall
600-1200 mm
Temperature Range
25-35°C
Major Regions
Central India, parts of Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, interior Tamil Nadu, and Deccan Plateau regions

Subtropical Humid Climate

Experiences hot, humid summers and mild winters with moderate rainfall. This climate zone supports diverse agricultural activities and mixed vegetation types.

Annual Rainfall
1000-1500 mm
Temperature Range
15-30°C
Major Regions
Northern plains including parts of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and the Indo-Gangetic Plain

Arid Climate

Extremely dry conditions with very low rainfall and high temperature variations between day and night. Desert landscapes dominate this climate zone.

Annual Rainfall
100-250 mm
Temperature Range
20-45°C
Major Regions
Western Rajasthan (Thar Desert), parts of Gujarat, and northwestern regions near Pakistan border

Semi-Arid Climate

Transitional climate between arid and humid regions with moderate rainfall concentrated in specific seasons. Supports grasslands and scrub vegetation.

Annual Rainfall
300-600 mm
Temperature Range
18-40°C
Major Regions
Eastern Rajasthan, parts of Haryana, Punjab, Gujarat, and rain shadow regions of peninsular India

Montane Climate

Cool temperatures throughout the year with moderate to high rainfall. Found in hilly and mountainous regions with temperate forest vegetation.

Annual Rainfall
1200-2500 mm
Temperature Range
10-20°C
Major Regions
Hill stations of Western Ghats (Ooty, Kodaikanal), parts of Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand foothills, and Nilgiri Hills

Alpine Climate

Cold climate with long winters and short summers. Found at high altitudes with snowfall during winter months and alpine vegetation adapted to harsh conditions.

Annual Rainfall
400-1000 mm
Temperature Range
-10 to 15°C
Major Regions
High altitude areas of Himalayas including Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and trans-Himalayan regions of Ladakh